Exploring THC and CBD Concentrations in Hemp Plants: A Focus on Female Flowers and Resinous Trichomes
In hemp plants (Cannabis sativa), the highest concentrations of THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (Cannabidiol) are typically found in the female flowers, especially in the resinous trichomes that cover the flowers and leaves. These trichomes produce the cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, as well as other compounds such as terpenes, which contribute to the plant’s aroma and flavor.
Hemp plants are typically grown for their industrial uses, including the production of fiber, seeds, and oil. In many hemp cultivars, the THC content is very low (usually less than 0.3% by dry weight), making them non-psychoactive. However, they can still contain significant levels of CBD, which is sought after for its potential therapeutic benefits.
The wide range of phytochemicals found in hemp inflorescences holds significant importance due to its broad applications across the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. In hemp, two major and well-known phytochemicals are cannabinoids: THC, known for its intoxicating effect, and cannabidiol (CBD), which lacks intoxication but offers potential medicinal benefits. Consequently, the nutritional supplement industry is currently experiencing high demand for CBD supplements.
To produce hemp products with high CBD content, cultivators often focus on growing female plants and carefully select strains with the desired cannabinoid profile. Male plants, if allowed to pollinate female plants, can reduce the overall cannabinoid content of the female plants, so growers often take steps to prevent pollination in order to maximize cannabinoid production in the female flowers.
Reference
Burton, R. A., Andres, M., Cole, M., Cowley, J. M., & Augustin, M. A. (2022). Industrial hemp seed: From the field to value-added food ingredients. Journal of Cannabis Research, 4, 1-13.
