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Author: JK

Variable-Dependent Manipulation of Point and Line Sizes in R

Variable-Dependent Manipulation of Point and Line Sizes in R

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I will randomly create a piece of data and then proceed to plot a line graph with points for this data. I have differentiated point colors and shapes based on the variable “Genotype”. In the above code, the value geom_point(size=5) sets the point size to 5 for both GenotypeA and GenotypeB. However, I would like to increase the point size specifically for GenotypeA. I will change the code from geom_point(size=5) to geom_point(aes(size=Genotype)). This means that I will adjust the point…

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Combining Multiple Excel Files into One Using Access

Combining Multiple Excel Files into One Using Access

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□ Exploring Data Management in ACCESS: Uploading Data to the Database In the previous post, we introduced how to upload Excel files to ACCESS. Now, let’s explore how to upload multiple Excel files to ACCESS and merge them into one dataset. Let’s say you have uploaded 5 Excel files to ACCESS, as shown in the image below. We will demonstrate how to merge these 5 uploaded data tables into a single data table. In Query Design, you can click on…

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Converting an Excel File to an R file: Optimizing File Size

Converting an Excel File to an R file: Optimizing File Size

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Today, I will introduce a method for converting an Excel file into an R file. I have placed an Excel file in a folder named ‘DataBase’ on the desktop. This file contains wheat grain size data, with 96,320 rows and a size of approximately 15MB. When an Excel file is large, you may experience performance issues, such as Excel slowing down during data operations, especially if your computer has limited memory. It would be more convenient to convert this Excel…

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Drawing Lines in ggplot()

Drawing Lines in ggplot()

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When using ggplot() to create multiple graphs, there are times when you might want to add separate lines to the graphs. Today, I’ll be posting about how to draw additional lines on graphs. Let’s start by generating a simple piece of data. Next, I will proceed to draw a regression graph for this data. 1) Drawing a 1:1 ratio line. To examine the slope of the regression line, I would like to draw a 1:1 ratio line. geom_abline (slope=1, linetype…

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Easy-to-Understand Guide to Factorial Experiments and Two-Way ANOVA

Easy-to-Understand Guide to Factorial Experiments and Two-Way ANOVA

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Today, I’ll try to explain factorial experiments in the simplest way. When you apply multiple different factors simultaneously to derive experimental results, it’s called factorial experiments. The different treatments within the experiment are referred to as ‘factorials.’ In other words, a factorial is a combination of factors. [Note 1] A factorial experiment is a research design in which multiple independent variables, also known as factors, are manipulated simultaneously to analyze their combined effects on a dependent variable. The goal of…

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Two-Way ANOVA Tutorial Using SAS Studio

Two-Way ANOVA Tutorial Using SAS Studio

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I will introduce how to perform a Two-Way ANOVA analysis using SAS Studio. Here is the data that you have available: Upload this Excel file to SAS Studio. After uploading the Excel file to SAS Studio, create a data table named “EXP1” in My Libraries. Then, click on the EXP1 data table. Then, select the icon for generating code located at the top. By doing so, a new tab named “Program 1” will be created, allowing you to generate the…

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Quantifying Phenotypic Plasticity of Crops

Quantifying Phenotypic Plasticity of Crops

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Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of an individual organism, in this case, a plant, to display varying phenotypic traits or characteristics in response to different environmental conditions. These traits can include physical features, physiological processes, and behaviors. Phenotypic plasticity is a crucial adaptive mechanism that allows organisms to optimize their survival and reproduction in varying environments. Crops are particularly reliant on phenotypic plasticity to cope with changes in factors such as light, temperature, moisture, nutrient availability, and other environmental…

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Statistical Inference on Binomially Distributed Data

Statistical Inference on Binomially Distributed Data

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The primary purpose of our experiment is to validate hypotheses regarding the population of the subjects under study. As a result, the experimenter must determine whether to accept or reject these hypotheses based on the experiment’s results. In this context, the method of statistical analysis will vary depending on whether the sample data follows a normal distribution or a binomial distribution. Today, we will introduce statistical testing methods for data that conform to a binomial distribution. Let’s delve into an…

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Graph Partitioning Using facet_grid() in R Studio

Graph Partitioning Using facet_grid() in R Studio

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In my previous post, I introduced how to partition graphs using facet_wrap(). Today, I’ll introduce facet_grid(). □ Graph Partitioning Using facet_wrap() in R Studio Actually, the function is the same, but there are very subtle differences between facet_wrap() and facet_grid(). Today, I’ll explain this. Let’s upload one data. I measured chlorophyll contents in leaves for two wheat genotypes under both stress and normal conditions. In this case, there are two factors (stress treatment and genotypes). If you’ve read my previous…

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Sorghum Development: Insights into Each Growing Phase

Sorghum Development: Insights into Each Growing Phase

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I am currently working with sorghum in the field, and I’m documenting its growth stages over time. Stage 0) Emergence □ Sowing date: 2023/05/18□ Emergence: 2023/05/30 As the young sorghum plant pierces the soil’s surface, its initial growth phase is typically gradual. Several factors determine the duration between sowing the seed and its emergence, including the soil’s temperature, the amount and distribution of residue on the soil, its moisture content, the depth at which the seed is planted, and the…

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[Crop Note] current corn stage (09 Aug 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

[Crop Note] current corn stage (09 Aug 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

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Around 24 to 26 days after silking, the milky inner fluid (the starchy liquid) within kernels attains a dough-like consistency. At this stage, kernels contain approximately 70% moisture and achieve about 30 to 50% of their mature dry weight. Four embryonic leaves also form during this phase. Once the kernels reach the dough stage, the likelihood of kernel abortion decreases significantly. This suggests that the critical period for determining the number of kernels becomes less relevant after the R3 or…

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Nitro-Charged Cold Brew Coffee: Nitrogen enhances the quality of the coffee.

Nitro-Charged Cold Brew Coffee: Nitrogen enhances the quality of the coffee.

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After conducting fieldwork and measuring N2O gas emissions, I stopped by a cafeteria called Espresso Royale Krannert View. This cafeteria is located on campus and is an easy spot to grab a coffee to go. I saw a panel advertising Nitro-Charged Cold Brew Coffee, and it was particularly interesting because I had just finished measuring N2O gas. Do you know why they mentioned N7 in the panel? It’s because the atomic number of nitrogen is 7. The fact that the…

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A Comprehensive Guide to Converting ppm to Practical Units with a Portable Gas Analyzer (Gasmet)

A Comprehensive Guide to Converting ppm to Practical Units with a Portable Gas Analyzer (Gasmet)

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In my previous post, I discussed nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in crop fields. Today, I’ll explain how to convert nitrous Oxide (N2O) emissions from ppm to kg ha-1. □ Investigating Patterns of Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Corn Agriculture If you measure N2O (ppm) using a ‘Gasmet,’ a portable gas analyzer (https://www.gasmet.com/products/category/portable-gas-analyzers/), you’ll ultimately obtain CO2 and N2O data like the one shown below (Of course, we can also obtain data for CH4 and NH3 using the Gasmet, but in this…

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어바나 Yugo 아파트 소개 (with BakeLab 카페)

어바나 Yugo 아파트 소개 (with BakeLab 카페)

얼마전 이사를 하였습니다. 어바나-샴페인에 6월 중순에 와서 sublet 으로 두달을 다른 곳에서 거주 했었습니다. 어바나-샴페인의 대부분 렌트 회사의 계약일은 8월 중순이기 때문에 6월달에 바로 집을 계약할수가 없었습니다. 대신 현지에서 괜찮은 집과 동네를 퇴근하면서 둘러볼수 있는 기회를 가졌습니다. 여러 가지 상황들을 다 고려하다가 저는 Urbana 에 있는 Yugo 라는 아파트 로 이사를 하기로 했습니다. https://yugo.com/en-us/global/united-states-of-america/urbana-il/yugo-urbana-illinois 이곳은 호텔식 아파트 입니다. 즉, 건물의 일부는 호텔로 사용되고 나머지 일부는 아파트로 사용됩니다. 그래서 1층에 내려오면 마치 호텔에 머무는 느낌이 가끔 듭니다. Yugo 사무실이 1층에 위치하고…

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Displaying Both Dates and Numeric Units on the X-Axis in R (feat. patchwork package)

Displaying Both Dates and Numeric Units on the X-Axis in R (feat. patchwork package)

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When we create time series graphs in R, it is sometimes necessary to display both dates and numbers on the x-axis. This is because when the x-axis is set to show dates only, it can be challenging to add text or other elements directly onto the graph. However, by using both dates and numbers on the x-axis, we can easily insert texts, lines, and other annotations. Let’s talk with data. and I made a line graph over date. But I…

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[Crop Note] current corn stage (03 Aug 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

[Crop Note] current corn stage (03 Aug 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

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The current corn growing stage in Champaign areas is R3, called the milky stage. After 18 – 20 days from the R1 stage, the kernels become mostly yellow and contain “milky” white fluid (i.e., starch accumulates). However, the moisture content of the kernel at R3 is around 80%. Starch accumulation continuously occurs in the endosperm, and cell division of the endosperm is almost complete, indicating that the growth of kernels since R3 would be mostly due to cell expansion and…

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[Agronomy article] What Is Difference Between Inorganic and Organic Carbon?

[Agronomy article] What Is Difference Between Inorganic and Organic Carbon?

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Carbon is one of the most abundant and widely distributed elements in nature. In fact, it ranks as the fourth most abundant element in the universe, following Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), and Oxygen (O). Carbon exists in a gaseous state at high temperatures and, when burned in the air, it combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO2). The most common types of carbon compounds in the environment are gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/6 Its atomic…

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[슬기로운 어바나-샴페인 생활 101] 학교 식당 (Dining hall) 소개

[슬기로운 어바나-샴페인 생활 101] 학교 식당 (Dining hall) 소개

“슬기로운 어바나-샴페인 생활 101” 은 제가 초기 정착 때 경험한 것들을 시간별로 정리해서 새롭게 오시는 분들에게 필요한 정보를 공유하는 것을 목적으로 하는 프로젝트 입니다. 목차 1. 한국에서 어바나-샴페인 (Urbana-Champaign) 가는 방법 2. 어바나-샴페인에서 집 구하기 가이드 3. 일리노이 주 운전면허 필기시험 기출문제 한국어 번역: 이것만 보고 가시면 무조건 필기 합격!! 4. 일리노이주 운전면허 신청 방법 5. UIUC 학생증/교직원 카드 신청하기 6. 은행계좌 개설하기 7. 의료보험 가입하기 8. 대중교통 (버스) 이용하기 9. 학교 식당 (Dining hall) 소개 10. 한식재료 구매하기 ###…

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Hemp Research Open Day, University of Illinois Urban-Champaign

Hemp Research Open Day, University of Illinois Urban-Champaign

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Currently, I am involved in hemp seed production, specifically focusing on open-pollinated seed production. We have selected certain plots for donor pollens, and apart from these, I am diligently removing all male plants. Concurrently, I am studying hemp, a subject I hadn’t previously encountered. Earlier, I uploaded a post about how to distinguish between male and female hemp flowers. □ How to distinguish male and female flowers of hemp (Cannabis sativa)? Last week I joined “Hemp Research Open House” held…

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Investigating Patterns of Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Corn Agriculture

Investigating Patterns of Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Corn Agriculture

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in agriculture primarily come from the microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification in the soil, and they’re strongly influenced by nitrogen management practices, particularly the use of nitrogen fertilizers. □ Why Crops Cannot Directly Utilize Atmospheric Nitrogen (feat. Nitrogen Cycling in Soil)? ■ Nitrification: The microbial process in which ammonium (NH4+), a form of nitrogen that’s often applied as fertilizer, is converted into nitrate (NO3-). This process can result in the production of nitrous oxide as…

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[Crop Note] current corn stage (19 July 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

[Crop Note] current corn stage (19 July 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

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Today I visited another corn field in Champaign, Illinois to collect gas samples. The corn growing stage is mostly in R1 stage, but I saw some corns reached to R2 stage. After R1 (silking) stage, the period to determine kernel number has gone, and new period is here. It’s kernel weight. Approximately 12 days after silking, silks become dark, and will dry out rapidly over time. In this stage, the developing kernels are white “blisters” (resemble a blister) on the…

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[Crop Note] current corn stage (17 July 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

[Crop Note] current corn stage (17 July 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

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Now, the current growing stage is R1, and most of the fertilization is finished. Silks change color and become brown. Silks begin to elongate around the V12 stage. It starts from the ovules near the base of the corn cob and then develops sequentially from the base to the top. Silking of the tip ovules is the last to develop, indicating that the silks from the base of the cob would emerge first from the husk leaves. In other words,…

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How to Specify a Folder Path in Google Colab: A Tutorial

How to Specify a Folder Path in Google Colab: A Tutorial

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□ How to use Google Colab for Python (power tool to analyze data)? Last time, I introduced how to mount your Google Drive in Google Colab. This time, I will explain how to set a folder path in Google Colab. First, let’s establish the connection between Google Colab and your Google Drive. The code is as follows: Then, the folders from your Google Drive will appear in the left sidebar of Google Colab. I created a folder called “coding_practice” in…

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[슬기로운 어바나-샴페인 생활 101] 어바나-샴페인에서 집 구하기 가이드

[슬기로운 어바나-샴페인 생활 101] 어바나-샴페인에서 집 구하기 가이드

“슬기로운 어바나-샴페인 생활 101” 은 제가 초기 정착 때 경험한 것들을 시간별로 정리해서 새롭게 오시는 분들에게 필요한 정보를 공유하는 것을 목적으로 하는 프로젝트 입니다. 목차 1. 한국에서 어바나-샴페인 (Urbana-Champaign) 가는 방법 2. 어바나-샴페인에서 집 구하기 가이드 3. 일리노이 주 운전면허 필기시험 기출문제 한국어 번역: 이것만 보고 가시면 무조건 필기 합격!! 4. 일리노이주 운전면허 신청 방법 5. UIUC 학생증/교직원 카드 신청하기 6. 은행계좌 개설하기 7. 의료보험 가입하기 8. 대중교통 (버스) 이용하기 9. 학교 식당 (Dining hall) 10. 한식재료 구매하기 ### S1….

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[Crop Note] current corn stage (03 July 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

[Crop Note] current corn stage (03 July 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

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On this very hot day, I took part in sampling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a corn field. The corn plants are currently in a growth stage between V11 and V12. Today marks 68 days since the planting date. Typically, after 6 weeks from emergence, corn is known to be in the V12 stage. However, variations can occur due to weather conditions, varieties, and other environmental factors. In this case, since the estimated emergence is expected within a maximum of…

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Current soybean stage (27 June 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

Current soybean stage (27 June 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

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Today I went to soybean field. I’m not familiar with soybean, and now I’m studying soybean physiology When the third node is formed, the first trifoliate leaflets extend, and this stage is called the V1 stage. When the second trifoliate leaf is established, it enters the V2 stage. Therefore, the current soybean growing stage is V3. Reference https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3339.pdf © 2022 – 2023 https://agronomy4future.com

[Crop Note] current corn stage (27 June 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

[Crop Note] current corn stage (27 June 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

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Today, I visited another cornfield near Champaign, IL. The current growing stage is between V10-V11. Every time I go to a cornfield, it’s my interest to identify the V5 leaf. found one corn plant near V8 and dissected it to see nodule formation. This is an interesting activity. We conducted gas sampling. This gadget can measure the emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, ammonia, and methane.

Corn growing stage: V6 – V8

Corn growing stage: V6 – V8

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The growing point and the tassel go above the soil surface around the V6 stage. The number of kernel rows is being determined from V7 to V8. The stalk begins to elongate. Also, you can see the corn tassel.

[Crop Note] current corn stage (26 June 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

[Crop Note] current corn stage (26 June 2023) at Champaign in IL, USA

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The current growing stage in Champaign, IL is between V9 and V10. Today is a cloudy day, and it rained for a very short time. Tasseling is currently occurring, and it’s near the 11th node. Today, we collected gas samples. This machine can measure emissions for carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and other gases at once. It took 4 minutes per spot. © 2022 – 2023 https://agronomy4future.com